Book/Printed Material Wancun tian gai lou ou ping 晚村天蓋樓偶評 / Tian gai lou ou ping / Tian he lou ou ping
About this Item
Title
- Wancun tian gai lou ou ping
Other Title
- 晚村天蓋樓偶評
- Tian gai lou ou ping
- Tian he lou ou ping
Summary
- Collection of 926 test papers acquired from the candidates who participated the Imperial Examinations between 1646 and 1673.
- The commentator of this civil-examination records collection, Lü Liuliang (formal name of Lü Wancun, 1629-83), was a native of Chongde, Zhejiang Province, who lived at the end of the Ming and the beginning of the Qing dynasty. His grandmother was a member of the Ming imperial family. At the age of eight he already wrote essays in the approved style. He achieved the ju ren degree but withdrew because of his opposition to the Manchu regime. He became a teacher and often added his comments to his students' essays. His works of eight-legged essays (a style of essay writing that had to be mastered to pass the imperial examinations during the Ming and Qing dynasties) became popular among the literati in the early Qing. He was also a follower of Neo-Confucianism. He expressed views in his works about the official rankings given by the examiners, adding disparaging comments on barbarian rules in China. In one of his essays he charged that official corruption was the real reason for the failure of the civil examinations to accurately measure a person's talent. After his death his anti-Manchu sentiments were revealed, which resulted in the exhumation and dismemberment of his and his son's remains and the banishment of his grandson to the frontier of northern Manchuria. His writings were burned and 46 of his works were included in the official list of banned books. However, some of them survived and were reprinted in the later Qing dynasty. The Library of Congress has two different editions with this same title, but with different contents. This edition has 21 volumes, including the author's notes up to 1672, originally entitled Tian gai lou guan lue (Brief commentaries from the Tian gai lou). It was supplemented by Chen Cong, with additional commentaries from the year of 1673. The records gathered in this collection were those of the metropolitan civil examinations and were selected and annotated by Lü Liuliang. The manuscript has three prefaces, written by Wu Zhizhen (dated 1672), Wu Eryao (1672), and Chen Cong (1675). World Digital Library.
Names
- Lü, Liuliang, 1629-1683
- Cao, Du, xu
- Lü, Gongzhong, ji
- Chinese Rare Book Collection (Library of Congress)
Created / Published
- [China : s.n., Qing Kangxi 17 nian, 1678]
Headings
- - Chinese literature--Examinations, questions, etc
Notes
- - Also available in digital form.
- - 不分卷 十七冊三函. Seventeen volumes in three cases.
- - 九行二十七字. Nine lines, with twenty-seven characters per line.
- - 清呂留良選評。始清順治三年，訖康熙十二年，選清初二十六年間鄉會試程墨凡九百二十六篇。依大篇中孟編次，不分卷。卷內題:「同邑諸子參定，門人子侄集較。」人名詳載凡例頁七。下刻「與自家意思一般」一方印。下書口刻:「程墨觀略」四字，目錄後有:「旌德湯國調燮公繕寫督鐫」一行。卷端有凡例云:「歷科程墨觀略陸雯若先生遺稿僅十分之五，先生為增補成書。其所損益，皆以陸先生論文之法為宗。自己酉至癸丑，康熙八年至十二年。雖先生自定，而續附全集，欲其合轍，猶此志也。」孜晚村與陸雯若合選時文甚早，據庚子程墨序，順治十二年冬，二人曾賃居吳門玄覽樓，同事房選。此則雯若卒後，晚村勒為一家之言者。又康熙十一年四月，張履祥有與晚村書，稱見天蓋樓觀略，冀以後移此副精神，為世道人心久大德業之計，張楊園集卷七。蓋晚村先曾於康熙十一年有單本。是集則為門人子侄所增補彙刻者。家訓稱康熙十五年，遣子公忠至金陵，臨行囑:若楊宅有客在彼過年，即與眾位同打火云云，按楊宅即凡例所稱金陵水西門內斗門橋泰倉巷楊瑞民家。則公忠赴金陵，已在歲秒。次年應即專力彙刻比書，又次年秋方畢工。晚村生平致力程選，借以灌輸夷夏之說於習舉業士子，致有曾靜之獄，其所評選，遂大為清室所忌，雍乾兩朝，申令禁燬，何止再三?而違碍禁燬兩書目，所載尚若干種，可見傳播之廣，與禁絶之難。此本書題上已剜去「晚村」二字，得透過千層法網，則其呵護之誠，有使晚村含淚於九原者。曹度(序)康熙十七年 (1678)，呂公忠(記)康熙十七年 (1678).
- - 清康熙十七年刻本. Qing Dynasty woodblock print, 1678.
Medium
- 17 v.
Library of Congress Control Number
- 2012402169
Online Format
- image