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Audio Recording Passamaquoddy numerals from 1 to 20 ; a counting-out rhyme ; the days of the week ; funeral song Titles in Passamaquoddy: Namopawak (numbers); pemoluhkemkil (weekdays) / Jesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings SR08 / Namopawak (numbers); pemoluhkemkil (weekdays)

Passamaquoddy numerals from 1 to 20 ; a counting-out rhyme ; the days of the week ; funeral song / spoken by Noel Joseph (Digital restoration from digital preservation master file)

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Passamaquoddy numerals from 1 to 20 ; a counting-out rhyme ; the days of the week ; funeral song / spoken by Noel Joseph (Digital preservation master file from original cylinder)

Passamaquoddy numerals from 1 to 20 ; a counting-out rhyme ; the days of the week ; funeral song / spoken by Noel Joseph (Track from digital preservation copy of AFC preservation tape LWO 6528 R1A)

About this Item

Title

  • Passamaquoddy numerals from 1 to 20 ; a counting-out rhyme ; the days of the week ; funeral song

Other Title

  • Titles in Passamaquoddy: Namopawak (numbers); pemoluhkemkil (weekdays)
  • Jesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings SR08
  • Namopawak (numbers); pemoluhkemkil (weekdays)

Names

  • Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930, recordist, speaker
  • Joseph, Noel, active 1878-1890, performer

Created / Published

  • 1890-03-15.

Contents

  • Numerals from 1 to 20 (:22) -- Counting-out rhyme (:56) -- Days of the week (1:53) -- Funeral Song (2:15)
  • Contents translated into Passamaquoddy: Passamaquoddy numbers: One = Neqt ; Two = Nis ; Three = Nihi ; Four = New ; Five = Nan ; Six = Kamahcin ; Seven = Oluwikonok ; Eight = Oqomolcin ; Nine = Esqonatek ; Ten = Qotinsk -- Passamaquoddy days of the week: Sunday = Sonte ; Monday = Kissonte ; Tuesday = Nisewey Luhkan ; Wednesday = Nihi Luhkan ; Thursday = New Luhkan ; Friday = Skehewahtoq ; Saturday = Kotuwahsonte.

Headings

  • -  Passamaquoddy Indians--Maine--Calais
  • -  Indians of North America--Northeastern States
  • -  Passamaquoddy Indians--Music
  • -  Songs, Passamaquoddy
  • -  Counting
  • -  Days
  • -  Passamaquoddy language--Numerals
  • -  Passamaquoddy language--Vocabulary
  • -  Indian numeration
  • -  Funeral music
  • -  Calais (Me.)

Genre

  • Counting-out rhymes
  • Songs
  • Field recordings
  • Cylinder recordings

Notes

  • -  Passamaquoddy cultural narrative: The numbers and the days of the week were recorded by Jesse Walter Fewkes in his visit to the Passamaquoddy community in March 1890. These were based on the schedule for vocabulary established by the Smithsonian Institution (p. 82). These were translated by David Francis in 1983 when the first copy of the recordings was returned to Passamaquoddy. In 2018, new work was done to listen to these again, to check the translations, and to create a new recording of them spoken by Dwayne Tomah.
  • -  Additional information provided in May 2018 by Dolly Apt, MaDonna Soctomah, Molly Neptune, and Dwayne Tomah at Indian Township, Maine.
  • -  Recorded in Calais, Maine on March 15, 1890 by Jesse Walter Fewkes.
  • -  Digital recordings of the original cylinder content and numbers and days of the week spoken by Dwayne Tomah are available at PassamaquoddyPeople.com https://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/category/vocabulary External
  • -  Digital preservation copy, MAVIS no. 2006197-3-1, from original cylinder on Archeophone #27. Library of Congress, 2015 October 08. 80.76 Mbytes BWF.
  • -  Digital restoration copy, MAVIS no. 2006197-3-1, from preservation master file (from original cylinder) using Izotope RX4, Cedar Cambridge v.10 and Izotope Ozone 7. Library of Congress, 2016 October 31. 80.76 Mbytes BWF.
  • -  Digital preservation copy, MAVIS no. 2005666-3-1 (at 50:00), from preservation tape reel. Library of Congress, 2014 January 14. 1.92 GB BWF.
  • -  Preservation tape reel, LWO 6528 R1A (at 50:00), from original cylinder. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress, 197u. 1 sound tape reel ; analog, 7 1/2 ips, mono. ; 10.5 in.
  • -  Engineer notes: At the two minute mark there is a physical hole in the cylinder that causes the very loud pops. The hole looks intentional, being very symmetrical as if it was done on a drill press. The hole only goes halfway through the cylinder.
  • -  Jesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings (AFC 1972/003: SR08) American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
  • -  FCP notes: Announcement at the beginning: "Two drills and counting-out rhymes by Newell Josephs [sic], taken by J. Walter Fewkes on the 15th day of March, 1890." Announcement at 1:49: "Days of the week, and funeral song."
  • -  FCP notes from Federal Cylinder Project (Washington, D.C.: American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, 1984), volume 2, p. 223.
  • -  Description in Fewkes, J. W. "A contribution to Passamaquoddy Folk-lore" Journal of American Folk-lore 3, no. 11 (1890) p. 276 https://www.jstor.org/stable/534065?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents External
  • -  Related Fewkes' fieldnotes are located at the National Anthropological Archives (ms. 4408:9) p. 39, 47-52.
  • -  Translations in related collection: David Francis translations of the Jesse Walter Fewkes Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings (AFC 1983/025).
  • -  Introductions in English, remainder in Passamaquoddy language.

Medium

  • 1 sound cylinder (2:38 min.) ; 3.75 in.

Source Collection

  • Jesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings

Repository

Digital Id

Library of Congress Control Number

  • 2015655557

Rights Advisory

  • Traditional Knowledge Label: Attribution - Elihtasik (How it is done). When using anything that has this Label, please use the correct attribution. This may include individual Passamaquoddy names, it may include Passamaquoddy as the correct cultural affiliation or it may include Passamaquoddy Tribe as the tribal designation. https://www.passamaquoddypeople.com/passamaquoddy-traditional-knowledge-labels External
  • Traditional Knowledge Label: Outreach - Ekehkimkewey (Educational). Certain material has been identified by Passamaquoddy tribal members and can be used and shared for educational purposes. Ekehkimkewey means 'educational'. The Passamaquoddy Tribe is a present day community who retains cultural authority over its heritage. This Label is being used to teach and share cultural knowledge and histories in schools, and to raise greater awareness and respect for Passamaquoddy culture and worldviews. https://www.passamaquoddypeople.com/passamaquoddy-traditional-knowledge-labels External
  • Traditional Knowledge Label: Non-Commercial - Ma yut monuwasiw (This is not sold). This material should not be used in any commercial ways, including ways that derive profit from sale or production for non-Passamaquoddy people. The name of this Label, Ma yut monuwasiw, means 'this is not to be purchased'. https://www.passamaquoddypeople.com/passamaquoddy-traditional-knowledge-labels External

Access Advisory

Online Format

  • audio

Additional Metadata Formats

Traditional Knowledge Labels

  • Attribution - Elihtasik (How it is done).
  • Outreach - Ekehkimkewey (Educational).
  • Non-Commercial - Ma yut monuwasiw (This is not sold).
Learn more about the traditional knowledge labels

Rights & Access

Rights and Usage

The Library of Congress is providing access to these materials for noncommercial purposes such as education and research. The Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, donor of the recordings, have consented to this online presentation. Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item. See our Legal Notices and Privacy and Publicity Rights for additional information and restrictions.

Researchers or others who would like to make further use of these collection materials should contact the Folklife Reading Room for assistance.

Traditional Knowledge Labels

The American Folklife Center (AFC) at the Library of Congress has undertaken a collaborative preservation digitization and access project focusing on its historical Native American audio recording collections. The project involves: a) digitally reformatting older media formats, including wax cylinder recordings, in order to recover and preserve the recorded voices and languages of Native American people, and b) developing curatorial protocols that are attentive to community cultural sensitivities regarding unique cultural materials along with digital access tools (online interfaces, catalog records) that embed Native American cultural knowledge about and descriptions of the content of the recordings in Library collection records, to the extent possible.

For this project, the AFC has partnered with members of the Passamaquoddy community and two non-profit organizations, Local Contexts and Mukurtu, to apply Traditional Knowledge Labels (TK Labels) to Passamaquoddy recordings made in 1890 and 1891 by anthropologist Jesse Walter Fewkes.

Local Contexts and its partners are working towards a new paradigm of rights and responsibilities that recognizes the inherent sovereignty that Indigenous communities have over their cultural heritage. Traditional Knowledge (TK) Labels are an educational and informational digital marker created by the Local Contexts initiative to address the specific intellectual property needs of Native, First Nations, Aboriginal and Indigenous peoples with regard to the extensive collections of cultural heritage materials currently held within museums, archives, libraries, and private collections. Indigenous communities use TK Labels to identify and clarify community-specific access protocols associated with the materials and convey important information such as guidelines for proper use and responsible stewardship of cultural heritage materials. TK Labels provide information to help users of traditional cultural knowledge from outside the creators' community understand the importance and significance of this material, even when it is in the public domain.  More information is available at Local ContextsExternal.

The Passamaquoddy Tribe is a present-day community that retains cultural authority over its heritage. The TK Labels selected and defined for this collection by Passamaquoddy community leaders provide community knowledge and context that define the significance and responsible representation of their cultural heritage. The Passamaquoddy Tribe requests that you follow its recommendations for use as indicated on the TK Label text on each recording. For more information and related collections see the Passamaquoddy People website supported by staff at Local Contexts, Mukurtu.org and Washington State University’s Center for Digital Scholarship and Curation http://passamaquoddypeople.com/External .

Traditional Knowledge Label: Attribution - Elihtasik (How it is done).
When using anything that has this Label, please use the correct attribution. This may include individual Passamaquoddy names, it may include Passamaquoddy as the correct cultural affiliation or it may include Passamaquoddy Tribe as the tribal designation. http://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/elihtasik-trans-how-it-doneExternal
Traditional Knowledge Label: Outreach - Ekehkimkewey (Educational).
Certain material has been identified by Passamaquoddy tribal members and can be used and shared for educational purposes. Ekehkimkewey means 'educational'. The Passamaquoddy Tribe is a present day community that retains cultural authority over its heritage. This Label is being used to teach and share cultural knowledge and histories, and to raise greater awareness and respect for Passamaquoddy culture and worldviews. http://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/ekehkimkewey-trans-educationalExternal

Traditional Knowledge Label: Non-Commercial - Ma yut monuwasiw (This is not sold).
This material should not be used for commercial purposes, including ways that derive profit from sale or production for non-Passamaquoddy people. In Passamaquoddy, Ma yut monuwasiw means 'this is not to be purchased'. http://passamaquoddypeople.com/digital-heritage/ma-yut-monuwasiw-trans-not-soldExternal

Credit line

Jesse Walter Fewkes collection of Passamaquoddy cylinder recordings (AFC 1972/003), American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Fewkes, Jesse Walter, Recordist, Speaker. Passamaquoddy Numerals from 1 to 20 ; a Counting-Out Rhyme ; the Days of the Week ; Funeral Song. performeds by Joseph, Noel, Active -03-15, 1890. Audio. https://aj.sunback.homes/item/2015655557/.

APA citation style:

Fewkes, J. W. (1890) Passamaquoddy Numerals from 1 to 20 ; a Counting-Out Rhyme ; the Days of the Week ; Funeral Song. Joseph, N., performer -03-15. [Audio] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://aj.sunback.homes/item/2015655557/.

MLA citation style:

Fewkes, Jesse Walter, Recordist, Speaker. Passamaquoddy Numerals from 1 to 20 ; a Counting-Out Rhyme ; the Days of the Week ; Funeral Song. performer by Joseph, Noel, Active -03-15, 1890. Audio. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <aj.sunback.homes/item/2015655557/>.