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Photo, Print, Drawing Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero, Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND

[ Photos from Survey HAER ND-13-F  ]

More Resources

[ Data Pages from Survey HAER ND-13-F  ]
[ Photo Captions from Survey HAER ND-13-F  ]

About this Item

Title

  • Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero, Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND

Names

  • Historic American Engineering Record, creator
  • U.S. Department of the Air Force
  • Schoer, Barry R.
  • Camarena, James H.
  • Kasselman, T.
  • Kumar, Rebecca, transmitter
  • Fraser, Clayton B., photographer
  • Fraser, Clayton B., historian
  • Urbas, Andrea, historian
  • Fraserdesign, contractor
  • Earth Tech, Inc., contractor

Created / Published

  • Documentation compiled after 1968

Headings

  • -  military organizations
  • -  art
  • -  Cold War
  • -  murals
  • -  air bases
  • -  North Dakota--Grand Forks County--Grand Forks
  • -  North Dakota--Cavalier County--Langdon

Notes

  • -  Significance: Beginning with the end of World War II and continuing to the present, the Cold War and the resulting arms race between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) has formed an overarching theme for the cultures of both countries. The United States has based its foreign policy of strategic deterrence on an arsenal of nuclear weapons based from submarines, airborne bombers, and on land. As the land-based leg of the United States Triad, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) armed with nuclear warheads represent the definitive technological refinement for weapons of mass destruction. They reflect the philosophy of a contemporary military establishment that holds high technology, rather than brute force, as the ultimate extension of military power. Since their inception in the 1950s, ICBMs have undergone a continuing evolution of form and function, as the Air Force has refined both the warheads and the delivery systems to make them more lethal and more accurate. The liquid-fueled Atlas and Titan missiles and the solid-fueled Minuteman missiles each represented technological improvements over their predecessors. The missiles themselves and the ancillary facilities built to maintain and launch them display a level of technological sophistication that is unrivaled in the built environment. Administered by Grand Forks AFB in North Dakota, Wing VI is the last cluster of Minuteman missile sites built by the Air Force, and it represents the conclusive step in design and construction of this unique architectural and technological form. As one of fifteen Missile Alert Facilities (MAFs) associated with the 150-missile wing, MAF Oscar-Zero has formed an integral part of the Minuteman system. Originally built in the 1960s to control ten unmanned Minuteman II launch facilities, it was modified in the 1970s to accommodate Minuteman III missiles. Longer and more powerful than its predecessors, Minuteman III was equipped with improved propulsion and guidance systems. The missile's most noteworthy feature was its multiple independently targeted reentry vehicle (MIRV). This new warhead could deliver three nuclear bombs to widely scattered targets, a capacity that would thrust the world into a new era of weapons for mass destruction.
  • -  Survey number: HAER ND-13-F
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1984-1996 Initial Construction

Medium

  • Photo(s): 10
  • Data Page(s): 6
  • Photo Caption Page(s): 2

Call Number/Physical Location

  • HAER ND-13-F

Source Collection

  • Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress)

Repository

Control Number

  • nd0118

Rights Advisory

Online Format

  • image
  • pdf

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material.

Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections.

For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information

  • Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/res/114_habs.html
  • Reproduction Number: ---
  • Call Number: HAER ND-13-F
  • Access Advisory: ---

Obtaining Copies

If Digital Images Are Displaying

You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services.

HABS/HAER/HALS materials have generally been scanned at high resolution that is suitable for most publication purposes (see Digitizing the Collection for further details about the digital images).

  • Photographs--All photographs are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Call Number and Item Number that appear under the photograph in the multiple-image display (e.g., HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-2).
    • If possible, include a printout of the photograph.
  • Drawings--All drawings are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Survey Number (e.g., HAER NY - 143) and Sheet Number (e.g., "Sheet 1 of 4"), which appear on the edge of the drawing. (NOTE: These numbers are visible in the Tiff "Reference Image" display.)
    • If possible, include a printout of the drawing.
  • Data Pages
    • Make note of the Call Number in the catalog record.

If Digital Images Are Not Displaying

In the rare case that a digital image for HABS/HAER/HALS documentation is not displaying online, select images for reproduction through one of these methods:

  • Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/info/001_ref.html). It is best to contact reference staff in advance (see: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/address.html) to make sure the material is on site. OR
  • P&P reading room staff can provide up to 15 quick copies of items per calendar year (many original items in the holdings are too old or fragile to make such copies, but generally HABS/HAER/HALS materials are in good enough condition to be placed on photocopy machines). For assistance, see our Ask a Librarian page OR
  • Hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers in available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html).
  • You can purchase copies of various types, including quick copies, through Library of Congress Duplication Services (price lists, contact information, and order forms for Library of Congress Duplication Services are available on the Duplication Services Web site):
    • Make note of the Call Number listed above.
    • Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item:
      • The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
      • All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.

Access to Originals

Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm.

  1. Is the item digitized? (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.)

    • Yes, the item is digitized. Please use the digital image in preference to requesting the original. All images can be viewed at a large size when you are in any reading room at the Library of Congress. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available when you are outside the Library of Congress because the item is rights restricted or has not been evaluated for rights restrictions.
      As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an original item when a digital image is available. If you have a compelling reason to see the original, consult with a reference librarian. (Sometimes, the original is simply too fragile to serve. For example, glass and film photographic negatives are particularly subject to damage. They are also easier to see online where they are presented as positive images.)
    • No, the item is not digitized. Please go to #2.
  2. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, such as microfilm or copy prints?

    • Yes, another surrogate exists. Reference staff can direct you to this surrogate.
    • No, another surrogate does not exist. Please go to #3.
  3. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Reference staff can advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served.

To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, U.S. Department Of The Air Force, Barry R Schoer, James H Camarena, T Kasselman, Clayton B Fraser, Andrea Urbas, Contractor Fraserdesign, and Inc Earth Tech, Fraser, Clayton B, photographer. Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero, Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND. Langdon Grand Forks County Cavalier County North Dakota Grand Forks, 1968. translateds by Kumar, Rebeccamitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://aj.sunback.homes/item/nd0118/.

APA citation style:

Historic American Engineering Record, C., U.S. Department Of The Air Force, Schoer, B. R., Camarena, J. H., Kasselman, T., Fraser, C. B. [...] Earth Tech, I., Fraser, C. B., photographer. (1968) Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero, Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND. Langdon Grand Forks County Cavalier County North Dakota Grand Forks, 1968. Kumar, R., trans Documentation Compiled After. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://aj.sunback.homes/item/nd0118/.

MLA citation style:

Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, et al., photographer by Fraser, Clayton B. Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero, Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND. trans by Kumar, Rebeccamitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <aj.sunback.homes/item/nd0118/>.