Top of page

Notice
Tuesday, January 27, 2026: Due to inclement weather, all Library of Congress buildings are closed to the public.

Photo, Print, Drawing Miantonomi Memorial Park , 200-262 Hillside Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI Tonomy Hill

[ Drawings from Survey HALS RI-3  ]

More Resources

[ Data Pages from Survey HALS RI-3  ]

About this Item

Title

  • Miantonomi Memorial Park , 200-262 Hillside Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI

Other Title

  • Tonomy Hill

Names

  • Historic American Landscapes Survey, creator
  • Olmsted Brothers
  • Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr.
  • Miantonomi Park Commission
  • McKim, Mead & White
  • Stokes, Helen Phelps
  • Newport War Memorial Committee
  • Sturges, R. Clipson
  • Sims, Mrs. William
  • Kendall, William
  • Pascarella, Elena M., historian
  • Benson, Anne M., historian
  • Stevens, Christopher M., transmitter
  • McPartland, Mary, transmitter

Created / Published

  • Documentation compiled after 2000

Headings

  • -  commemoration
  • -  commemorative landscapes
  • -  war (World War I)
  • -  monuments & memorials
  • -  towers
  • -  stonework
  • -  stone plaques
  • -  bronze plaques
  • -  gates
  • -  trails & paths
  • -  picnic grounds
  • -  stone walls
  • -  lawns
  • -  trees
  • -  loggias
  • -  public comfort stations
  • -  spiral stairs
  • -  parks
  • -  forests
  • -  arboretums
  • -  play (recreation)
  • -  Rhode Island--Newport County--Newport

Latitude / Longitude

  • 41.510449,-71.310432

Notes

  • -  2018 HALS Challenge Entry: Memorialization, Commemorating the Great War
  • -  Significance: Miantonomi Memorial Park is a vernacular landscape with an extensive history starting well before the Revolutionary War and spanning over 200 years. The site commemorates a number of significant historical figures and events. At 88 feet above Mean Sea Level, Miantonomi Park is the highest natural point in Newport. It was named for Miantonomi (also spelled Miantonomoh, Miantonomah, Miantonomo), the Chief of the Narragansett tribe from 1636 until his death in 1644. This hill was the seat of power for the Narragansett Indian tribe until it was transferred to the English colonists in 1637. Because of the hill's height and clear views to the coast, the colonists used this site as a lookout point and had a beacon constructed at the apex in 1667. During the Revolutionary War, fortifications were built around the hill of which some remnants are still present. The hill was occupied at varying times during the Revolutionary War by colonial, British and French forces. Historical accounts indicate that this was the site of the Battle of Rhode Island. This was a significant Revolutionary War Battle that allowed British forces to gain control of Aquidneck Island (Newport and its surrounding areas). The battle was noted for the participation of the 1st Rhode Island regiment which consisted of Africans, American Indians, and white colonists. As a result of the hardships and destruction that Newport suffered during the Revolutionary War and British occupation, a citadel was built at the top of Miantonomi or Tonomy Hill in 1796 to provide the city with greater defenses. This Citadel tower proved useful in providing distant views to approaching British forces in the War of 1812 and stood until 1817 when it was destroyed. Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century property owners included Rowland Hazard a member of one of Newport's original founders, Philip Caswell, partner with Rowland Hazard in an apothecary and cosmetics business (predecessor to the Caswell Massey business), and Anson Stokes, a wealthy Gilded Age banker, real estate developer and commodore of the New York Yacht Club. The Olmsted firm under Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. described the virtues of Miantonomi Park in the 1913 report Proposed Improvements for Newport. This report included a site plan. As a result of Olmsted's work and his urging the City to acquire the site, it was developed into a park and a war memorial was dedicated on Armistice Day 1923. In 1925 The Miantonomi Park Commission raised funds to design and build a tower. The firm of McKim, Meade & White was commissioned as architects for the tower and in 1929 the World War I Memorial Tower was erected and dedicated. The WWI Tower lies at the summit of the park's rocky hillside. The Tower was named an Official WWI Centennial Memorial on September 27, 2017. This site has significance to Rhode Island and the City of Newport as it reflects centuries of use starting with the native Narragansett Indian Tribe. Although the site is currently smaller (29.78 acres) than the original colonial 700-acre estate of Godfrey Malbone, it continues to serve Newport as it is the City’s largest park. It also serves the lower-income residents in the heavily developed northern section of Newport. Miantonomi Memorial Park holds significance as a memorial landscape, a recreational open space, a historical point of interest and as a part of the newly established Newport Arboretum.
  • -  Survey number: HALS RI-3
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1923 Initial Construction
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1929 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: 2000 Subsequent Work
  • -  National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 69000003

Medium

  • Measured Drawing(s): 1
  • Data Page(s): 27

Call Number/Physical Location

  • HALS RI-3

Source Collection

  • Historic American Landscapes Survey (Library of Congress)

Repository

Control Number

  • ri0489

Rights Advisory

Online Format

  • image
  • pdf

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material.

Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections.

For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information

Obtaining Copies

If Digital Images Are Displaying

You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services.

HABS/HAER/HALS materials have generally been scanned at high resolution that is suitable for most publication purposes (see Digitizing the Collection for further details about the digital images).

  • Photographs--All photographs are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Call Number and Item Number that appear under the photograph in the multiple-image display (e.g., HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-2).
    • If possible, include a printout of the photograph.
  • Drawings--All drawings are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Survey Number (e.g., HAER NY - 143) and Sheet Number (e.g., "Sheet 1 of 4"), which appear on the edge of the drawing. (NOTE: These numbers are visible in the Tiff "Reference Image" display.)
    • If possible, include a printout of the drawing.
  • Data Pages
    • Make note of the Call Number in the catalog record.

If Digital Images Are Not Displaying

In the rare case that a digital image for HABS/HAER/HALS documentation is not displaying online, select images for reproduction through one of these methods:

  • Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/info/001_ref.html). It is best to contact reference staff in advance (see: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/address.html) to make sure the material is on site. OR
  • P&P reading room staff can provide up to 15 quick copies of items per calendar year (many original items in the holdings are too old or fragile to make such copies, but generally HABS/HAER/HALS materials are in good enough condition to be placed on photocopy machines). For assistance, see our Ask a Librarian page OR
  • Hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers in available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html).
  • You can purchase copies of various types, including quick copies, through Library of Congress Duplication Services (price lists, contact information, and order forms for Library of Congress Duplication Services are available on the Duplication Services Web site):
    • Make note of the Call Number listed above.
    • Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item:
      • The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
      • All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.

Access to Originals

Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm.

  1. Is the item digitized? (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.)

    • Yes, the item is digitized. Please use the digital image in preference to requesting the original. All images can be viewed at a large size when you are in any reading room at the Library of Congress. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available when you are outside the Library of Congress because the item is rights restricted or has not been evaluated for rights restrictions.
      As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an original item when a digital image is available. If you have a compelling reason to see the original, consult with a reference librarian. (Sometimes, the original is simply too fragile to serve. For example, glass and film photographic negatives are particularly subject to damage. They are also easier to see online where they are presented as positive images.)
    • No, the item is not digitized. Please go to #2.
  2. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, such as microfilm or copy prints?

    • Yes, another surrogate exists. Reference staff can direct you to this surrogate.
    • No, another surrogate does not exist. Please go to #3.
  3. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Reference staff can advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served.

To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, Creator, Olmsted Brothers, Frederick Law Olmsted, Miantonomi Park Commission, Mead & White McKim, Helen Phelps Stokes, Newport War Memorial Committee, et al. Miantonomi Memorial Park , 200-262 Hillside Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI. Rhode Island Newport County Newport, 2000. translateds by Stevens, Christopher M.Mitter, and Mcpartland, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://aj.sunback.homes/item/ri0489/.

APA citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, C., Olmsted Brothers, Olmsted, F. L., Miantonomi Park Commission, McKim, M. &. W., Stokes, H. P. [...] Benson, A. M. (2000) Miantonomi Memorial Park , 200-262 Hillside Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI. Rhode Island Newport County Newport, 2000. Stevens, C. M. M. & McPartland, M., transs Documentation Compiled After. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://aj.sunback.homes/item/ri0489/.

MLA citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, Creator, et al. Miantonomi Memorial Park , 200-262 Hillside Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI. trans by Stevens, Christopher M.Mitter, and Mcpartland, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <aj.sunback.homes/item/ri0489/>.