Top of page

Photo, Print, Drawing Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial, Rue du General Pershing, Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Departement de la Meuse (France), FR

[ Drawings from Survey HALS US-2  ]

More Resources

[ Data Pages from Survey HALS US-2  ]

About this Item

Title

  • Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial, Rue du General Pershing, Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Departement de la Meuse (France), FR

Names

  • Historic American Landscapes Survey, creator
  • York & Sawyer
  • Ayres, William Louis
  • Gibbs, George, Jr.
  • Cret, Paul Philippe
  • U.S. Department of War
  • Greber, Jacques
  • Lyall, Earl Harvey
  • U.S. Department of War, Office of the Quartermaster General, Graves Registration Service
  • Robin, Ernest
  • Noyer, Maurice
  • Adam & Co.
  • Bottiau, Alfred-Alphonse
  • Certoux, Charles
  • Fevre & Co.
  • Ste. Goussez
  • Ste. Guinet & Co.
  • H. Rouard
  • Ste. Routiere Colas
  • Susse Freres
  • John E. Lingo & Sons
  • Roman Bronze Works
  • U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (CFA)
  • Moore, Charles
  • Hayes, Ralph
  • Pierce, Charles C.
  • Gibbs, George, Jr.
  • Green, H. L.
  • Robin, Ernest
  • Price, Xenophon H.
  • Pershing, John J. "Black Jack"
  • North, Thomas
  • Lyall, Earl Harvey
  • Moginier, Charles L.
  • Simpson, Eric D.
  • Mott, T. Bentley
  • U.S. Department of War, Observers Board
  • Harbeson, John
  • Office of the Veterans' Secretary General, Military Graves Service (France)
  • Davidson, Lisa Pfueller, historian
  • Stevens, Christopher M., project manager
  • Lockett, Dana, field team
  • McNatt, Jason W., delineator
  • Pierce, Ryan, delineator
  • De Sousa, Daniel, delineator
  • Canfield, Charles D., delineator
  • American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC), sponsor
  • McPartland, Mary, transmitter

Created / Published

  • Documentation compiled after 2000

Headings

  • -  war (World War I)
  • -  Gothic Revival architectural elements
  • -  allées
  • -  fountains
  • -  Beaux-Arts architectural elements
  • -  graves
  • -  Art Moderne architectural elements
  • -  commemorative landscapes
  • -  commemoration
  • -  cemeteries
  • -  national cemeteries
  • -  monuments & memorials
  • -  France--Departement De La Meuse (France)--Romagne-Sous-Montfaucon

Latitude / Longitude

  • 49.334303,5.093455

Notes

  • -  Significance: Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial is one of eight overseas World War I cemeteries redesigned and administered by the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC), a federal agency created in 1923. Meuse-Argonne, the largest ABMC cemetery in Europe with over 14,200 graves, was part a larger effort in the aftermath of World War I to create lasting and impressive memorials to the American war effort in England, Belgium, and France. The practical necessity of burying American soldiers who died during the conflict was first handled by the War Department through the Office of the Quartermaster General's Graves Registration Service (GRS). GRS landscape architect George Gibbs, Jr. had already established the basic form of Meuse-Argonne (or Romagne) Cemetery, with eight sections of graves arranged up a hillside, a local road running through a valley with a circular fountain, and the staff quarters and visitor building on the opposite hillside. The buildings were constructed by the War Department in 1923-24. The entrance to the cemetery property at each end of the road was marked by a pair of simple stone pylons with bas relief eagles. ABMC redesigned the existing War Department cemeteries, adding memorial chapels and other features. The agency also constructed a series of monuments starting in the mid-1920s, and continuing into the 1930s. It hired prominent French-born American architect Paul P. Cret as its consulting architect in 1925. Cret guided every aspect of the ABMC commemoration program from finalizing locations and selecting architects to inspecting construction and making maintenance recommendations. The New York firm of York & Sawyer, with principal architect William Louis Ayres, was given the commission for designing the Chapel, new entrance pylons, and a revised site plan for Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery. Jacques Gréber served as local architect for the project and provided a revised planting plan. Construction took place in 1929-32, starting with the Chapel and then turning to landscape improvements. York & Sawyer placed a Romanesque Revival Chapel at the crest of the hill above the burial sections. The Chapel featured a front gable center pavilion and long loggias on either side. The road area was enhanced with more elaborate entrance pylons, a fountain at the base of the hill below the Visitor Building, and additional stone terraces and steps. The circular fountain was retained, with the local road (D123) now split by a wide grassy median and lined by an allée of trees through the cemetery property. Allées of clipped linden trees were placed along the mall leading up the hill to the chapel, as well as the outer edges of the eight grave areas. York & Sawyer’s architecture and landscape for Meuse-Argonne are in keeping with the commemorative program sponsored by ABMC and guided by Cret. They are characteristic of a Beaux Arts approach seen in some of the best civic architecture of the 1920s and 30s.
  • -  Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N153, N154
  • -  Survey number: HALS US-2
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1918-1919 Initial Construction
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1927-1932 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1920-1924 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: 2015-2016 Subsequent Work

Medium

  • Measured Drawing(s): 19
  • Data Page(s): 91

Call Number/Physical Location

  • HALS US-2

Source Collection

  • Historic American Landscapes Survey (Library of Congress)

Repository

Control Number

  • us0005

Rights Advisory

Online Format

  • image
  • pdf

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material.

Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections.

For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information

Obtaining Copies

If Digital Images Are Displaying

You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services.

HABS/HAER/HALS materials have generally been scanned at high resolution that is suitable for most publication purposes (see Digitizing the Collection for further details about the digital images).

  • Photographs--All photographs are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Call Number and Item Number that appear under the photograph in the multiple-image display (e.g., HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-2).
    • If possible, include a printout of the photograph.
  • Drawings--All drawings are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Survey Number (e.g., HAER NY - 143) and Sheet Number (e.g., "Sheet 1 of 4"), which appear on the edge of the drawing. (NOTE: These numbers are visible in the Tiff "Reference Image" display.)
    • If possible, include a printout of the drawing.
  • Data Pages
    • Make note of the Call Number in the catalog record.

If Digital Images Are Not Displaying

In the rare case that a digital image for HABS/HAER/HALS documentation is not displaying online, select images for reproduction through one of these methods:

  • Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/info/001_ref.html). It is best to contact reference staff in advance (see: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/address.html) to make sure the material is on site. OR
  • P&P reading room staff can provide up to 15 quick copies of items per calendar year (many original items in the holdings are too old or fragile to make such copies, but generally HABS/HAER/HALS materials are in good enough condition to be placed on photocopy machines). For assistance, see our Ask a Librarian page OR
  • Hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers in available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html).
  • You can purchase copies of various types, including quick copies, through Library of Congress Duplication Services (price lists, contact information, and order forms for Library of Congress Duplication Services are available on the Duplication Services Web site):
    • Make note of the Call Number listed above.
    • Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item:
      • The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
      • All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.

Access to Originals

Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm.

  1. Is the item digitized? (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.)

    • Yes, the item is digitized. Please use the digital image in preference to requesting the original. All images can be viewed at a large size when you are in any reading room at the Library of Congress. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available when you are outside the Library of Congress because the item is rights restricted or has not been evaluated for rights restrictions.
      As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an original item when a digital image is available. If you have a compelling reason to see the original, consult with a reference librarian. (Sometimes, the original is simply too fragile to serve. For example, glass and film photographic negatives are particularly subject to damage. They are also easier to see online where they are presented as positive images.)
    • No, the item is not digitized. Please go to #2.
  2. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, such as microfilm or copy prints?

    • Yes, another surrogate exists. Reference staff can direct you to this surrogate.
    • No, another surrogate does not exist. Please go to #3.
  3. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Reference staff can advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served.

To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, Creator, York & Sawyer, William Louis Ayres, George Gibbs, Paul Philippe Cret, U.S. Department Of War, Jacques Greber, et al. Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial, Rue du General Pershing, Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Departement de la Meuse France, FR. Montfaucon Romagne Departement De La Meuse France Sous, 2000. translateds by Mcpartland, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://aj.sunback.homes/item/us0005/.

APA citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, C., York & Sawyer, Ayres, W. L., Gibbs, G., Cret, P. P., U.S. Department Of War [...] American Battle Monuments Commission, S. (2000) Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial, Rue du General Pershing, Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Departement de la Meuse France, FR. Montfaucon Romagne Departement De La Meuse France Sous, 2000. McPartland, M., trans Documentation Compiled After. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://aj.sunback.homes/item/us0005/.

MLA citation style:

Historic American Landscapes Survey, Creator, et al. Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery & Memorial, Rue du General Pershing, Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Departement de la Meuse France, FR. trans by Mcpartland, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <aj.sunback.homes/item/us0005/>.