Top of page

Photo, Print, Drawing Fort Willoughby, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI Virgin Islands National Park Prince Frederik's Battery Hassel Island Historic District

View 4 images in sequence.
[ Photos from Survey HABS VI-90  ]

More Resources

View 3 images in sequence.
[ Drawings from Survey HABS VI-90  ]
[ Data Pages from Survey HABS VI-90  ]
[ Photo Captions from Survey HABS VI-90  ]

About this Item

Title

  • Fort Willoughby, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI

Other Title

  • Virgin Islands National Park Prince Frederik's Battery Hassel Island Historic District

Names

  • Historic American Buildings Survey, creator
  • Oxholm, Peter Lotharius
  • Trigge, Thomas
  • Shipley, Charles
  • Cochran, Alexander
  • Bowyer, Henry
  • Paiewonsky, Isador
  • St. Thomas Historical Trust
  • Morris, Scott, transmitter
  • DeBoer, Ruth, transmitter
  • Smalling, Walter, Jr., photographer
  • Arzola, Robert R., project manager
  • Yallop, Rob, project manager
  • McCarthy, Dennis, project manager
  • Lord Aeck Sargent, contractor
  • Hammack, Steven, researcher
  • Price, Virginia Barrett, transmitter
  • Mantecon, Roberto, field team
  • Atkins Global, contractor
  • Yallop, Rob, field team
  • Wright, Elainna, field team
  • Consolvo, Charles W., consultant
  • Diener, David, photographer
  • New South Associates, Inc., contractor
  • Price, David L., historian
  • Wright, Elainna, delineator
  • Smalling, Walter Jr., photographer

Created / Published

  • Documentation compiled after 1933

Headings

  • -  forts & fortifications
  • -  war (Napoleonic)
  • -  military facilities
  • -  batteries (weaponry)
  • -  masonry (building materials)
  • -  parapets
  • -  brick
  • -  terrepleins
  • -  Virgin Islands (Us)--St. Thomas--Charlotte Amalie

Latitude / Longitude

  • 18.32591,-64.930264

Notes

  • -  Significance: Fort Willoughby is significant as both a Danish and British military defensive work on Hassel Island. Originally called Prince Frederik’s Battery, it was built by the government of the Danish West Indies in 1777-1780 on the southeastern end of the peninsula known at that time as Estate Orkanhullet (Hurricane Hole), now Hassel Island. Located on the western border of St. Thomas Harbor, the cannons of Fort Willoughby defended the harbor entrance from colonial rivals and prevented privateers from seizing merchant ships in the harbor. On March 3, 1801, Fort Willoughby participated in a skirmish with Danish brig of war HDMS Lougen in driving off a British sloop of war, HMS Arab. British troops later used the battery and renamed it Fort Willoughby during their first occupation of St. Thomas in 1801, and it was again repaired and used during the second British occupation from 1807-1815. Fort Willoughby was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 for its architectural, commercial, and military significance.
  • -  Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N2101
  • -  Survey number: HABS VI-90
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1777-1780 Initial Construction
  • -  Building/structure dates: 1801 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: after 1807 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: after 1948 Subsequent Work
  • -  Building/structure dates: after 2010 Subsequent Work
  • -  National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 76001862

Medium

  • Photo(s): 14
  • Color Transparencies: 1
  • Measured Drawing(s): 3
  • Data Page(s): 9
  • Photo Caption Page(s): 4

Call Number/Physical Location

  • HABS VI,3-HASI,2-

Source Collection

  • Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)

Repository

Control Number

  • vi0093

Rights Advisory

Online Format

  • image
  • pdf

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material.

Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections.

For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information

  • Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/res/114_habs.html
  • Reproduction Number: ---
  • Call Number: HABS VI,3-HASI,2-
  • Access Advisory: ---

Obtaining Copies

If Digital Images Are Displaying

You can download online images yourself. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Library of Congress Duplication Services.

HABS/HAER/HALS materials have generally been scanned at high resolution that is suitable for most publication purposes (see Digitizing the Collection for further details about the digital images).

  • Photographs--All photographs are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Call Number and Item Number that appear under the photograph in the multiple-image display (e.g., HAER, NY,52-BRIG,4-2).
    • If possible, include a printout of the photograph.
  • Drawings--All drawings are printed from digital files to preserve the fragile originals.
    • Make note of the Survey Number (e.g., HAER NY - 143) and Sheet Number (e.g., "Sheet 1 of 4"), which appear on the edge of the drawing. (NOTE: These numbers are visible in the Tiff "Reference Image" display.)
    • If possible, include a printout of the drawing.
  • Data Pages
    • Make note of the Call Number in the catalog record.

If Digital Images Are Not Displaying

In the rare case that a digital image for HABS/HAER/HALS documentation is not displaying online, select images for reproduction through one of these methods:

  • Visit the Prints & Photographs Reading Room and request to view the group (general information about service in the reading room is available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/info/001_ref.html). It is best to contact reference staff in advance (see: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/address.html) to make sure the material is on site. OR
  • P&P reading room staff can provide up to 15 quick copies of items per calendar year (many original items in the holdings are too old or fragile to make such copies, but generally HABS/HAER/HALS materials are in good enough condition to be placed on photocopy machines). For assistance, see our Ask a Librarian page OR
  • Hire a freelance researcher to do further selection for you (a list of researchers in available at: https://aj.sunback.homes/rr/print/resource/013_pic.html).
  • You can purchase copies of various types, including quick copies, through Library of Congress Duplication Services (price lists, contact information, and order forms for Library of Congress Duplication Services are available on the Duplication Services Web site):
    • Make note of the Call Number listed above.
    • Look at the Medium field above. If it lists more than one item:
      • The entire group can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.
      • All the items in a particular medium (e.g., all drawings, all photographs) can be ordered as photocopies or high-quality copies.

Access to Originals

Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm.

  1. Is the item digitized? (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.)

    • Yes, the item is digitized. Please use the digital image in preference to requesting the original. All images can be viewed at a large size when you are in any reading room at the Library of Congress. In some cases, only thumbnail (small) images are available when you are outside the Library of Congress because the item is rights restricted or has not been evaluated for rights restrictions.
      As a preservation measure, we generally do not serve an original item when a digital image is available. If you have a compelling reason to see the original, consult with a reference librarian. (Sometimes, the original is simply too fragile to serve. For example, glass and film photographic negatives are particularly subject to damage. They are also easier to see online where they are presented as positive images.)
    • No, the item is not digitized. Please go to #2.

  2. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, such as microfilm or copy prints?

    • Yes, another surrogate exists. Reference staff can direct you to this surrogate.
    • No, another surrogate does not exist. Please go to #3.
  3. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Reference staff can advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served.

To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, Peter Lotharius Oxholm, Thomas Trigge, Charles Shipley, Alexander Cochran, Henry Bowyer, Isador Paiewonsky, et al., Smalling, Walter, Jr, David Diener, and Walter Jr Smalling, photographer. Fort Willoughby, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI. United States Hassel Island Charlotte Amalie Virgin Islands St. Thomas, 1933. translateds by Morris, Scottmitter, Deboer, Ruthmitter, and Price, Virginia Barrettmitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://aj.sunback.homes/item/vi0093/.

APA citation style:

Historic American Buildings Survey, C., Oxholm, P. L., Trigge, T., Shipley, C., Cochran, A., Bowyer, H. [...] Wright, E., Smalling, W., Diener, D. & Smalling, W. J., photographer. (1933) Fort Willoughby, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI. United States Hassel Island Charlotte Amalie Virgin Islands St. Thomas, 1933. Morris, S., Deboer, R. & Price, V. B., transs Documentation Compiled After. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://aj.sunback.homes/item/vi0093/.

MLA citation style:

Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, et al., photographers by Smalling, Walter, Jr, David Diener, and Walter Jr Smalling. Fort Willoughby, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, VI. trans by Morris, Scottmitter, Deboer, Ruthmitter, and Price, Virginia Barrettmitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <aj.sunback.homes/item/vi0093/>.