Newspaper Der Morgen Zshurnal = Jewish Journal and Daily News (New York, N.Y.) 1938-1953 דער מארגען זשורנאל = Jewish journal and daily news / Jewish journal and daily news
About Der Morgen Zshurnal = Jewish Journal and Daily News (New York, N.Y.) 1938-1953
The trajectory of the Yiddish press in the United States has largely mirrored that of its Yiddish speaking readers during the period spanning from the last quarter of the nineteenth century through the first quarter of the twentieth century. This era was marked by significant Ashkenazi Jewish immigration from eastern Europe to America, especially in the wake of the pogroms targeting Jews in the Russian Empire, beginning in 1881 following the assassination of Czar Alexander II (1855-1881) and continuing into the early 1920s.
Yiddish newspaper headlines from 1906-1920 attest to the growing wave of anti-Jewish pogroms that paved the way for mass immigration to the United States. Examples of such headlines include: “Terror of Pogroms in Many Cities” (Der Morgen Zshurnal, June 15, 1906); “Pogroms in Odessa” (Der Morgen Zshurnal, April 11, 1909); “The Russian Pogroms against the Jews in Galicia” (Der Tog, November 5, 1914); “New Pogroms in Ukraine: Masses of Jews Slaughtered” (Yidishes Tageblatt, September 9, 1920).
Di Varhayt featured some of the most detailed articles about the pogroms; they provided specific statistics of those murdered, wounded, orphaned, and the cost of damages incurred by Jews as the direct result of these violent episodes. Although certainly not the only pogrom victims of that era, the Jews of Odessa were said to have witnessed the worst of these anti-Jewish onslaughts in the earliest years of the twentieth century, as reported in Di Varhayt, November 16, 1906: “There were 874 people killed and 278 wounded there … In total, 14,899 Jewish families suffered there.” Di Varhayt’s coverage of international events continued through World War II.
In January 1885, Hebrew and Yiddish newspaper publisher, Kasriel Sarasohn (1835-1905) founded the Yidishes Tageblatt (Jewish Daily News) in New York. The Tageblatt proved to be the first successful Yiddish daily in the United States, and it had a profound impact on the expansion of the Yiddish press in America and the Jewish immigrant population of that time. At its zenith, the politically conservative and religiously Orthodox daily sold over 70,000 copies daily, a significant number for its day. Among its editors were the Yiddish journalists John Paley (1871-1907), Gedaliah Bublick (1875-1948), and Tashrak, the pen name of Israel Joseph Zevin (1872-1926).
In the aftermath of World War I, the once influential Tageblatt’s impact declined as Yiddish speaking Jewish immigrants in the United States became increasingly assimilated and learned to speak and read English. In April 1928, the similarly traditional Der Morgen Zshurnal (The Jewish Morning Journal) acquired the Yidishes Tageblatt and became Der Morgen Zshurnal, Yidishes Tageblatt (Jewish Morning Journal and the Jewish Daily News).
Jacob Saphirstein began to publish the Morgen Zshurnal on July 2, 1901, and Peter Wiernik (1865-1936) served as the newspaper’s chief editorial writer. Later, he became the newspaper’s editor-in-chief, a position he held until his death. Rare for Yiddish newspapers of its day, the Morgen Zshurnal supported the Republican Party, in contrast to many Jewish newspapers that backed more liberal and even radical entities. This was the only Yiddish newspaper at the time to appear in the morning, and it was known for containing a significant number of want-ads, a feature that greatly appealed to unemployed readers.
In 1916, the newspaper reached its apex in circulation numbers: 111,000 subscribers. That same year, Jacob Fishman (1878-1946) was appointed the newspaper’s managing editor and in 1936, following the death of Wiernik, he became the new editor-in-chief. Under Fishman’s tutelage, the paper took on a more liberal and intellectual tone, featuring works by the likes of Yiddish poet Jacob Glatstein (1896-1971), writer-editor Jacob Magidov (1869-1943), and literary-theater critics Bernard Gorin (1968-1925) and Alexander Mukdoni (1878-1958). Fishman also introduced the column, “Fun Tog tsu Tog” (“From Day to Day”), which focused on both Jewish and more general issues. Even after he retired as editor in 1938, Fishman continued to feature his daily column in the renamed Der Morgen Zshurnal (Jewish Journal and Daily News), which continued to be published by Rabbi Solomon Reichman (1898-1984) until 1953.
Der Tog (The Day) began publication on November 5, 1914, in New York. Established as a non-partisan liberal newspaper, Der Tog was founded by a group of New York intellectuals and businesspeople overseen by Judah L. Magnes (1877-1948) and Morris Weinberg (1876-1968). Among the newspaper’s chief goals were to elevate the Yiddish literary standards of its readers and provide them with a forum for expression. Under the editorship of William Edlin (1878-1947), its columnists included noted Yiddish writers and playwrights such as Samuel Niger (1883-1955), David Pinsky (1893-1949), Aaron Glanz-Leieles (1889-1966), and Peretz Hirschbein (1880-1948). In 1919, the liberal Yiddish daily merged with Di Varhayt [or Die Wahrheit] (The Truth)—founded in 1905—and proceeded to be known as Der Tog or alternately, as Der Tog, Di Varhayt.
In 1953, Der Tog merged with Der Morgen Zshurnal, which at the time had been in existence for 52 years. The combined newspaper appeared as Der Tog, Morgen Zshurnal (The Day-Jewish Journal) under editor Solomon Dingol (1887-1961) and owner Morris Weinberg, publisher of Der Tog. In 1970, the combined Yiddish newspaper had a circulation of 50,000 readers. The newspaper ceased publication due to an overall decline in Yiddish readership in 1971.
Provided By: Library of Congress, Washington, DCAbout this Newspaper
Title
- Der Morgen Zshurnal = Jewish Journal and Daily News (New York, N.Y.) 1938-1953
Other Title
- דער מארגען זשורנאל = Jewish journal and daily news
- Jewish journal and daily news
Dates of Publication
- 1938-1953
Created / Published
- New York, N.Y. : Rabbi Solomon Reichman, 1938-1953.
Headings
- - Jewish newspapers--New York (State)
- - New York (N.Y.)--Newspapers
- - Jewish newspapers
- - New York (State)
- - New York (State)--New York
- - United States--New York--New York--New York
Genre
- Newspapers
Notes
- - Daily (except Saturday)
- - Vol. 38, no. 11,187 (Aug. 3, 1938)-v. 51, no. 15,472 (Jan. 25, 1953).
- - Also issued on microfilm from the Library of Congress, Photoduplication Service.
- - In Yiddish and English.
- - Tog (New York, N.Y. : 1922) (DLC)sn 83045861
- - Tog, morgen zshurnal (DLC)sn 83045828
Medium
- 14 volumes
Call Number/Physical Location
- Newspaper
Library of Congress Control Number
- sn83045846
OCLC Number
- 9745299
Preceding Titles
Succeeding Titles
- Der Tog = the Day (New York, N.Y.) 1922 to 1953
- Der Tog, Morgen Zshurnal = the Day-Jewish Journal (New York, N.Y.) 1953 to 1971
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